Electron affinities refer to the energy released when an atom or molecule gains an electron to form a negative ion. This research area focuses on studying the electron affinity of various elements and molecules in order to understand their chemical properties and reactivity. Researchers use experimental techniques and theoretical calculations to determine electron affinities and investigate how they impact chemical reactions and bonding. Study of electron affinities can help in designing new materials, predicting chemical behavior, and understanding the fundamental principles of chemistry.